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Journal of Refugee Studies Advance Access originally published online on February 22, 2006
Journal of Refugee Studies 2006 19(1):69-93; doi:10.1093/jrs/fej001
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Journal of Refugee Studies Vol. 19, No. 1 © The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Articles

Humiliation Experienced by Somali Refugees in Norway

Katrine Fangen

Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, PO Box 1096 Blindern, N-0317 Oslo katrine.fangen{at}sosiologi.uio.no

Life as a refugee attempting to create a new life in an unfamiliar country is filled with uncertainties. Due to a lack of language and cultural knowledge, misunderstandings occur. People in these circumstances are vulnerable to experiences of humiliation. The majority population's prejudices against strangers also contribute to newly-arrived refugees experiencing more humiliating situations than do others. This paper attempts to analyse experiences of humiliation among refugees, using Somali refugees as a case. The principal research question here is why and how refugees experience humiliation in exile. What kinds of situations trigger feelings of humiliation in refugees and why are these situations experienced as humiliating? This paper attempts to develop a theory of humiliating experiences among exiles, based on interviews with 27 Somalis and 20 Norwegians, as well as participatory observations and meetings with a focus group. Refugees in a society vastly different from that of their home country might be vulnerable to intimidation, and might also be met in hurtful ways. Humiliation occurring in the home country might continue in the new country, and new types of humiliating situations might develop between individuals from the home country in the new setting. The theory set forth here identifies typical reactions of the refugees to certain humiliating situations, and offers some suggestions for ways to prevent humiliating experiences.

Key Words: humiliation • Somali • refugees • Norway


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